The Church of Scientology Essay Example For Students

The Church of Scientology Essay The point is emphasized to that many of these charges are against top officials in the Church not merely isolated incidents of radicals, so for every court case presented in the article so to is the title of the member being charged. The heavy research that has gone into Watchers work may be contrasted with the informal article written by the Scientology insider. Whether an intentional effort was made in order to cover up aspects of the Church that were too controversial to discuss, or the author merely did not feel the need to use hard evidence to support his ideas, the article appears to be personal opinion versus substantial research. We will write a custom essay on The Church of Scientology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The author Bernie even goes so far as to admit that cultic aspects are evident in the Church of Scientology, yet he does not discuss what these aspects are or how they are evident. The insider does not use any outside sources in his body of work, unlike the extensive bibliography that follows Watchers article, instead he solely relies on his own experience in the Church to validate the article. Throughout the Watcher article there are many Scientology policies that are used in support of her argument. The idea of suppressive acts within the Church explains why Scientologists try to silence criticism at any cost, because it is a part of their religious doctrine to protect the name of the Church. Watcher has even managed to secure Scientology documents that help to indict the Church further, one such document reveals how members are held against their will providing members of the Church feel they are going through a nervous breakdown. Who determines the mental state of the member, however is a council composed of top officials in the Church rather than some sort of mental heath professional. The insider in sharp contrast does not refer at all to specific Scientology policies, he merely gives a broad overview of the Church and its ability to cure any members emotional or mental state of anguish. This has often been an accusation brought against new religious movements and their deceptive techniques of recruitment, that initially they will give very little specifics about the Church and make it appear to be a universally acceptable group centered around ideas of health and happiness. In this sense the insiders argument seems insubstantial, and plays into preconceived notions of new religious movements and their recruitment methods. After analyzing the few similarities and countless areas of contention between the two articles there are obvious conclusions that must be drawn. First, when analyzing the insider versus outsider perspective it is important to keep in mind that no one side is purely neutral in their beliefs. It would be nai ve to think that the insider would be overly critical of their experience, as well as the outsider to be out rightly supportive of a new religious movement. It is the job of the respective individual to prove something to the reader, whether it be that Scientology is beneficial to society or a stereotypical cult-like new religious group. Therefore it is not a matter of identifying which perspective remained along neutral lines, but which author argued the best case for their point. In this particular analysis the outsider managed to present a strong case against the Church of Scientology using hard evidence to support every claim that was made. Unlike her insider counterpart, Watcher as a writer was able to criticize the Church of Scientology from a number of fronts without confusing personal opinion for hard evidence. The downfall of the insiders article was that their emotion and feelings toward the Church of Scientology clouded their ability to critically access the religions policy and practices. It is essential to this study, however that we acknowledge that this is but one comparison between an outsider and an insiders perspective on a new religious movement. .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .postImageUrl , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:hover , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:visited , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:active { border:0!important; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:active , .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31357235c46c83b44acb874300795edd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Trail of Tears EssayWe cannot conclude with absolute certainty that every insider relies on soft data to prove their point, just as we are unable to conclude that the outsiders perspective will always have the more sophisticated research methods. What we can take out of this analysis is the idea that the more knowledge we have on a certain topic the more enlightened we become. Relying on one source for all of our information, whether it be outsider or insider is a narrow minded way to go about understanding something as complex as new religious movements. Like any topic we study throughout our lives we must treat new religious movements as unique and multifaceted institutions, whereby relying solely on one persons interpretation will not advance our knowledge of the subject. Bibliography Bernie, John. Another look at Scientology An Insiders Look at the Controversy 4 July 2004 http://bernie. cncfamily. com/ars. htm. Melton, Gordon, J. The Church of Scientology. Italy: Signature Books, 2000. Miller, Russell. Bare-Faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard. New York: Sphere Books, 1987. Vosper, Cyril. The Mindbenders. London: Neville Spearman Publishing, 1971. Watcher, Kristy. Whats Wrong with Scientology Scientology Lies 21 March 2002 http://www. scientology-lies. com/whatswrong. html. 1 Melton, Gordon, J. The Church of Scientology. Italy: Signature Books, 2000. p. 53. 2 Watcher, Kristy. Whats Wrong with Scientology Scientology Lies 21 March 2002 http://www. scientology-lies. com/whatswrong. html. p. 3. 3 Ibid. p. 2. 4 Bernie, John. Another look at Scientology An Insiders Look at the Controversy 4 July 2004 http://bernie. cncfamily.com/ars. htm. p. 5. 5 Ibid. p. 7. 6 Bernie, John. Another look at Scientology An Insiders Look at the Controversy 4 July 2004 http://bernie. cncfamily. com/ars. htm. p. 3. 7 Watcher, Kristy. Whats Wrong with Scientology Scientology Lies 21 March 2002 http://www. scientology-lies. com/whatswrong. html. p. 2.

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere Essay Example

Tartuffe by Jean Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere Paper Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere Paper Essay Topic: Literature Tartuffe, a play by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, is a poignant story about a man, Orgon, who is totally and completely taken in and blinded by a scoundrel named Tartuffe. Orgon has utter faith and shows unconditional love for this poor pious man, Tartuffe. Orgon is willing to sacrifice everything his wife, his family, his daughters happiness and even his large estate. Orgon believes that under Tratuffes tutelage my souls been freed from earthly loves, and every human tie:/ My mother, children, brother and wife could die, /And Id not feel a single moments pain (I, v, 18-20). This story of deceit leads the reader to believe that all will be lost and that evil will triumph over good. The events that occur in the play and the emotions that the characters experience parallel the events in our everyday lives. Such events include the power struggle between Orgon (the parent) and his children, about secret agreements, about reverse psychology and about relationships in general. Orgon has agreed to give his daughter Mariane to Valere in marriage but is now having second thoughts. He has decided that Mariane should wed Tartuffe. He believes that Tartuffe is the most suitable husband and tries to convince her. Youre a sweet girl Whom I hold dear, and think most highly of (II, i, 7). You can repay me, if youll cheerfully obey me (II, i, 9-10). Although everyone in the family is against this union he says I shall defy you all, and make it clear/ That Im the one who gives the orders here (III, vi, 57-58). Its a fathers privilege (II, i, 30). But beyond his threats he supports his feelings when he tells Mariane Daughter, well disregard this dunderhead. Just trust your fathers judgment. Oh, Im aware/ That I once promised you to young Valere; /But now I hear he gambles, which greatly shocks me; /Whats more, Ive doubts about his orthodoxy. /His visits to church, I note, are very few (II, ii, 65-70). Mariane is distraught and turns to Dorine, her ladys maid and friend. Dorine encourages Mariane to tell her father that one cannot love at a fathers whim; /That you shall marry for yourself, not him: /That since its you who are to be the bride, / Its you, not he, who must be satisfied; (II, iii, 8-11). But Mariane is afraid to go against her fathers wishes and answers Dorine, Ive bowed so long to Fathers strict control, I couldnt oppose him now, to save my soul (II, iii, 13-14). When I read this part of the play it was like I was reading a page from my own life. Like Mariane, I have a great deal of respect and love for my mother and stepdad who have always guided me down a safe and stable path. But we disagree strongly about the boy I am dating. Tom is a kind and thoughtful person. He is a good friend and can be trusted with confidences. He and I enjoy many of the same things but each of us is willing to learn about the others interests and hobbies. My mom and stepdad see things differently. They pointed out that Tom and I are of different religions and from very different backgrounds. My best friend Melissa, like Dorine, can see my side of the story and agrees that I should follow my heart. But I guess ultimately I am the one who will have to live with the consequences of my actions. Am I ready to do that? Tartuffe has completely seduced Orgon into believing that he is the most religious and devout human being in existence and believes that his charm will work on all members of Orgons family. Tartuffe makes a pass at Elmire, Orgons wife, it floods my heart with bliss/ To find myself alone with you like this. / For just this chance Ive prayed with all my power/ theres nothing I had rather do Than bare my inmost heart and soul to you (III, iii, 21-23, 27-28). Having professed his feelings he takes hold of her hands and presses her fingertips. When rebuked, he places his hand on her knee. Damis, Orgons son, tells his father of Tartuffes overtures. Father Let us advise you / that I surprised him with your wife, and heard His whole adulterous offer (III, vi, 1, 7-8). As the scene was unfolding I could feel the lecherous actions of this ungodly man. When I was at Nassau Community College last fall and then again in the spring I was stalked by a young man in my English class. Nothing has ever made me feel more uncomfortable or scared in my entire life. This guy would be standing near my car and would just stare at me. He would stand by my classroom and would just stare at me. He even once had the nerve to follow me into the Ladies Room. I told my English Professor and the campus security police. They said they would keep an eye out but could do nothing unless he actually physically attacked me or spoke to me directly. That was not very comforting because it seemed that they did not quite believe me. This sexual harassment was seduction at its worst. Tartuffe plays the scoundrel well. When given gifts by Orgon he insists he should Give him less I dont deserve it. The half, Sir, would suffice (I, v, 38). But Orgon does not see through these false words. Even when his son tells him of Tartuffes inappropriate behavior with his wife Orgon believes what he wants to. Tartuffe tells him Believe his story: the boy deserves your trust/ dont be deceived by hollow shows: /Im far, from being what men suppose (III, vi, 19, 24, 26). But Orgon insists that Tartuffe, is the honest and fair person he believes him to be and even gives him Clear deed and title to everything I own (III, vii, 38). This reverse psychology worked on Orgon and I hoped would work on my mom. One day when I was shopping with my mother, I badly wanted a pair of shoes that I saw in a fashion magazine and were expensive. I knew that my mom would not pay for them and would suggest that I get another pair of shoes that was more reasonably priced. When we got to the store she did exactly as I thought. She said no to the pair that I wanted because she really disliked them and picked out a different pair that she thought I might like. I said fine, whatever, and put a pout on my face because I was not getting the pair that I wanted. They really were not that bad and fit better than the expensive ones but they were not the trendy new expensive ones that I had my heart set on. But she was the one using reverse psychology. She told me that I could have the more expensive ones if I really wanted them. When she relented, I felt a little guilty. I put things into perspective and smiled. I agreed to the ones she picked out because they were more comfortable and I knew that after all the other things she had gotten me for school this would add another financial burden. However, after we paid for the pair of sneakers that was less money, she surprised me by offering to buy me a special pair of designer sandals that I desperately wanted, something she was planning all along. When Orgon finally accepts the truth about Tartuffe he must also accept the consequences of his actions. He is about to lose his estate and go to jail for keeping treasonous papers. He has decided that no one can be trusted. Cleante, Orgons brother-in-law, begs him not to jump between absurd extremes and to earn to distinguish virtue from pretense, / Be cautious in bestowing admiration, / And cultivate a sober moderation to err, if err one must,/ As you have done, upon the side of trust (V, ii, 37, 50-52, 56-57). My mom was a single parent for more than ten years and raised three children. Every decision rested on her shoulders. There were many times when she proved to be the stabilizing force in our lives by making difficult decisions about school, dating, driving and the like. We knew we could unconditionally count on her for love and guidance. She did, however, instill in all three of us the ability to make decisions. When I first started college I enrolled at SUNY Oswego. During the summer break I was very unhappy and torn about returning to school. There were not many Long Island kids at Oswego and fewer Jewish ones. I am the kind of student who needs to meet with my professors to help me get on track and some would not offer alternate office hours that would not conflict with my classes. Even so, I was more worried if my mom would be disappointed in me? Would I make new friends? Would my friends that that I had to come home? Would I be embarrassed about failing? I expected her to order me home because my grades were not as good as I had achieved in the past. On the other hand, I thought she might order me to stay since she had spent so much time, effort, and money getting me ready for out-of-town school. Instead, she ordered me to weigh the pros and cons and make a decision on my own. I insisted that she tell me what to do, but she held fast and offered no answer. She told me that the decision had to be mine. But having been raised in a household with her at the helm I had the ability to make a difficult grown-up decision. I decided to come hoe. She supported my decision and that decision turned out to be exactly right for me. I know I found my niche here at C. W. Post. Secrets can sometimes be troublesome and sometimes they are just meant to be shared between two people. When Tartuffe makes his sexual overture to Elmire, she asks him Arent you afraid that I may take a notion/ To tell my husband of your warm devotion. / But I shall be discreet about your lapse;/ Ill tell my husband nothing of whats occurred/If, in return, youll give your solemn word/ To advocate as forcefully as you can/ the marriage of Valere and Mariane (III, iii, 125-126, 136-140). When I came home from camp my mom and I entered into a secret agreement. My parents decided that I should help pay for half of the repairs on my car. It needed new tires, an inspection, and a new alarm. My mom knew how hard I worked all summer and that these repairs would take a big chunk out of my salary. We agreed that I would write out a check for the amount that was due and that she would reimburse me. She knew that if I paid for the repairs that I would not be able to take care of my personal needs and school expenses and that either way she would have to subsidize me. Orgon and his mother, Madame Pernelle, are each subjected to family pressure. Both believe in Tartuffe and will not listen to reason. As shown all along, Orgon does not want to hear any negatives about Tartuffe until his wife absolutely convinces him. But even Orgon cannot change his mothers mind. Madame Pernelle defends Tartuffe. She will not be swayed and insists that Till his guilt is clear, / A man deserves the benefit of the doubt. / You should have waited, to see how things turned out (V, iii, 45-47). Peer pressure is difficult to overcome. My first real experience with peer pressure was when I was away at school. My roommate was into marijuana and tried to convince me that a joint would enhance my outlook and I would begin to relax. My other friends tried to convince me that the bar scene was cool and that drinking would make me less up tight. But I know for me that drugs and alcohol are not for me. I am pleased to say that I did not give into peer pressure and Yes, I am the designated driver. As one can see, the events that the characters encounter in Molieres play Tartuffe are as timely today as when they were written. We can all identify and empathize in one way or another with his characters and the situations they find themselves in. Even though Orgon seems like a weak, uncaring father and husband, he ultimately shows his true love for his family and apologizes for his poor judgment. The play is a wonderful example of family life.

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema

The â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† by Horace Miner, is an article that examines the various rituals that manifests within industrialized societies, specifically referencing to the United States. In the article Miner joked about the invasion of privacy and the obsession of becoming immortal. Miner provides gives outstanding evidence that the characteristics or an attitude of the human body has a broad influence on a variety of institutions in the Nacirema society. Throughout the article Miner provides an understanding perspective how Americans do similar rituals in a different point of view. One key word that was emphasized in the article that numerous times was â€Å"ritual† and how it transformed the way we lives. It clearly mentions how our society perceives that idea and whether we act positively or negatively to it. Miner implements a wonderful inscription on the readers thought as how other societies may view our own. After reading the article, I agree with many ideas Miner made about society because of country does use exaggerated body image and misuse the idea of preventive medicine. The natural tendency of the human body and mind has always sparked a great debate. For example, were humans born with good or a bad intention is an ongoing debate. Remarkably, these beliefs are also reflected within a society or cultures even today. A group called Nacirema, located in North America, believed that the human body is ugly and is prone to â€Å"natural tendency† which was debility and disease. Following this â€Å"natural tendency†, the â€Å"holy mouth man† used magical instruments and drilled them into the holes of cavities created by tooth decay. Although this practice was believed to cure the problem it only intensified the infection in the tooth. Also there was a medicine man that treated sick patients which ultimately leaves them in a state where they can never be cured. These practices were performed in Nacirema, which showed their faith towards the natural law of humans. In contrast to the Nacriema’s culture, our modern society has somewhat of different approach to this â€Å"natural tendency†. In general, it is inevitably that all humans will age which means they are more susceptible to becoming ill. Thus, the â€Å"natural tendency† in our modern society does not differ much from the Nacirema culture. Yet, our modern society seems to disapprove the natural tendency. People try to look more youthful by applying cosmetics, treat diseases and vaccines shots regularly. In today’s society the rituals of the Nacirema may seem cruel and inhumane. However the Nacriema culture can be characterized as following the natural tendency, which is the law of the universe. Therefore, based on the analysis of the two distinct perspectives toward our approach to nature, it can be known that cultural relativism is needed when looking at different cultures. Miner’s ironic article, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† is an entertaining social commentary can be argued to be ethnocentric. Miner knowingly chooses the American culture because of their cultural practices (the use of cosmetics and hygiene products). One would expect to hear the practice of our society is technologically primitive and tribal. Miner evokes this approach of thinking to the reader by attempting to unwittingly use our cultural preconceptions against our own customs. Ultimately I believe Miner achieved his goal to force readers to believe that concept. Similarly to every other culture, Americans have plenty of taboo practices that when viewed objectively they appear very illogical and in some cases ridiculous. Upon reaching his revelation, Miner says, â€Å"we should view the traditions of other cultures with an improved understanding. † However, I think it would be foolish to believe that we can ever completely eliminate ourselves of all cultural biases or ethnocentricity. Each individual will always view life at his or her own viewpoint. Perhaps this is what Miner was trying convey to us. Maybe he wanted us to view our culture and determine how we would be viewed in other cultures. The idea does spark great debate for those who conduct intellectual or scientific research. Nonetheless, they are in theory accountable to present their own findings without injecting their own opinions, but conversely this an absolutely unrealistic expectation. Try as they may, as I mentioned earlier; people will see things differently through there own eyes and any beliefs that accompanies their idea. In conclusion, I felt a bit saddened while reading, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† because there are a lot of people who stress so hard on appearance, rather than living life as humble and optimistically as possible. In fact, the whole article made the United States seem a bit sickening morally. If I could pretend that Nacirema was a culture outside of our country, I would never visit that country because of the harsh critics and judgments I would have to endure constantly. Frivolous judgments like how you look, the way you dress and how much wealth you generate. Overall I’ve learned a lot and I didn’t know anything about the Nacirema definitely an article everyone should read.

Gas Pipeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gas Pipeline - Essay Example The ability of suppliers to supply gas have been drastically reduced resulted in a shift in the supply curve to the left as can be seen on graph 2 below. This resulted in the equilibrium point moving left from E1 to a new point E2 on the graph on the intersection point of the supply and demand curves . Another fact that can be derived from the above graph is that a small shift in the supply of gas will result in a larger shift in price. The reason for this is that gas is not a luxury but a essential product for most people and businesses, and this is indicated on the graph by a much steeper demand curve than normal, meaning the demand curve for gas is less elastic. Even so a increase in price will result in a marginal decrease in demand as people restrict driving for essential reasons only, such as going to work to conserve gas. It would not have resulted in a shift of the demand curve as there was nothing really forcing a increase or decrease in the demand for gas, except the increase in price. Additionally the drop in gas supply and the resulting increase in price would also have effected many other market contributors. The distribution of products onto the market is done by a transport system, and a large part of this system is fueled by gas, such as trucks and delivery vans. The suppliers of these products would have paid more to be able to distribute their products to shops and malls, so the price of these commodities would have also gone up, negatively influencing their demand. The above can be seen as the behavior of a open market influenced by buyers and sellers naturally driving the market towards a equilibrium. When prices are above the equilibrium point and there is a surplus of goods, it will cause market prices to fall (Mankiw, Gregory, 2004). In the above case study we had a price below the equilibrium point as there was a decrease in supply, causing market prices to rise. Cited Page 1. Pump Price Graphs. ArizonaGasPrices.com. 2003 - 2006. Accessed 29 March 2006. www.ArizonaGasPrices.com/retail_price_chart.aspx 2. Arizona Gas Prices. Gas Price Comparisons. Accessed 29 March 2006 http://www.arizonagasprices.com/ 3. Mankiw, Gregory. Principles of Economics.

Journalism - The Economic Crisis Research Paper

Journalism - The Economic Crisis - Research Paper Example The people I interviewed gave varied responses to the causes of the economic crisis but from the interviews it was clear that it affected people’s living standards since inflation hit hard ion people s pockets and they could no longer live the way they used to do before. People feel that the economic crisis was caused by the debts that most people in the United States live with. The rate of profit of the economy had fallen and this meant that there was a high rate of inflation. Businesses were forced to adjust to the crisis by laying off workers so that they could continue being in existence. The rate of unemployment also increased as a result and this meant that the unemployed people could not get money to meet their daily needs. The decline in profits cased investments to reduce and since the economy depends on returns from business, the economy was set on the crisis. Other people feel that mortgage lending caused the economic crisis since the cost of housing increased signi ficantly during the crisis. This is because people had to pay a lot of money for their housing units and they were left with little money to meet their other needs. People feelings about the economic mess are varied but most people feel that it ruined the lifestyles as they had to budget their finances so that they could be able to survive with the money they had. ... The crisis caused people to move in to smaller houses since paying mortgages was expensive as interest rates were on the all time high and paying them was a task. People feel that the government is to blame for the crisis since it did not set the necessary policies to see that the value of the dollar is maintained. The government did not respond to crisis early enough as if it had it would have set out policies that would ensure that interest rates are at a good enough level to further development. People are dependant on credit and when the interest rates are too high, it means that they will not be able to get credit at reasonable interest rates hence levels of poverty will increase. Had the government ensured that interest rates were at a fair rate, it would make people get more credit and use it for their own development and for that of the country. People feel that government spending also had a great role to play in the crisis the economy was so much in debt and the high rate o f inflation meant that more money had to be used to pay the debt. The government spent a lot of money on the war against terrorism and there was no money being injected into the economy from the war. The cost incurred during the war depleted the economy of funds, which could be used for development purposes. Everyone was affected by the crisis and people complained on the adverse effects it had on their daily routines. There were high rates of unemployment since businesses could not employ people due to the decreased levels of profit. Those who were lucky to get jobs had to work on two or more jobs since they could not get enough from one job. Since the cost of gas also increased people’s travelling habits also

Community Based Rehabilitation Essay Example for Free

Community Based Rehabilitation Essay Community Based Rehabilitation(CBR) may be defined, according to three United Nation Agencies, ILO, UNESCO, and the WHO, as a strategy within community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, and social integration of all people with disabilities. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of disabled people themselves, their families and communities, and the appropriate health, education, vocational and social services (WHO, 1994). Institutional Rehabilitation provides excellent services to address the problems of individual disabled persons and is often available only for a small number at a very high cost. CBR as the name implies has have found in the community, its roots in the community and has to derive sustenance and support from the community. They should be rehabilitated in their community by and with people in their community. CBRfocuses on  * enhancing the quality of life for people with disabilities and their families, * meeting basic needs and * ensuring inclusion and participation. CBR was initiated in the mid-1980s but has evolved to become a multi-sectoral strategy that empowers persons with disabilities to access and benefit from education, employment, health and social services. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of people with disabilities, their families, organizations and communities, relevant government and non-government health, education, vocational, social and other services.Mainstreaming and inclusion is seen as an effective way:to include persons with disability;to give equal opportunity and to provide a non discriminative environment for their growth and development In practical terms this means persons with disability are included in the programmes and schemes formulated by the government and others, not as mere beneficiaries but as equal members who can participate with full recognition of and exercise their rights. Need of CBR Institutional overheads and other major infrastructural expenses make the process very expensive. Moreover, the endeavours in an institution are often out of context to the felt needs of the disabled person, and thus falls short of their expectations. The fact that this person comes from a particular background and cultural setting is often ignored. The institutional culture is imposed on the disabled person and they are often expected to function as advised by the â€Å"experts†. In an institutional rehabilitation programme, the community is not linked with the process. Hence, when the disabled persons return home, it may become difficult for them to integrate into their community. Disability -Situation Time line In the 70s it was based on western health care model largely urban based and not cost effective. No real service provision for disabled. In the 80s/90s there was a shift from medical towards employment and community development. In real terms this was a social model. In the year 2000 CBR perceived in terms of Human rights and involvement and awareness of disabled persons was advocated. WHO approach emphasizes basic rehabilitation involving working partnership with local community, disabled, family, governments and professionals at regional and national levels.

Long Swings In The Exchange Rate And The Excess Returns Puzzle: The Ro :: essays research papers

Long Swings in the Exchange Rate and the Excess Returns Puzzle: The Role of Imperfect Knowledge The paper is a clear breath of "dirty" air in the sterile world of perfect foresight. The authors offer a well worked out model of how agents persistently bid the exchange rate away from the expected long-run equilibrium rate. It seems intuitively comfortable to see the mathematical justification for the unexplained excess returns to be a function of the distance from the bench-mark (PPP). The uncertainty of a switch occurring in a regime (the Peso Problem) is an interest-ing form within which to embed the imperfect information. It is a format that seems ready to ex-pand into many other areas of economic modeling in which expectations are at the core of the model's dynamics. Of course, the choice of the benchmark is key to the mechanics of the process. In this case, PPP is an obvious choice†¦ but, since the idea of PPP drives this model so strongly, it is interesting to look at its place and its characteristics. In the paper, the authors note that if PPP holds, "relative excess demand for domestic and foreign goods is zero." The obvious suggestion, based on the model, is that the flow of goods and services is the foundation for the equilibrating dynamic. Behind the flow of goods and services is the gap between the gap between, domestic and foreign short-term rates, and the steady state long-run interest rate gap that sets goods flows to zero. The assumption is that the prices of the domestic and foreign goods in their respective for- eign currencies are "incorrect" based on the fundamentals of the respective countries and that agents know this (and know that the exchange rate path is unstable) but cannot be sure of the de-gree of "incorrectness" or the persistence of the di vergence. Embedded into this model are as-sumptions about PPP that provide comfort about this benchmark's ability to give the "correct" relative prices. It is possible that these assumptions, to some degree, mask the complexity of the situation with respect to PPP's ability to proxy relative prices. At the theoretical level, PPP should simply offer equal purchasing power for equal commodity bundles through the exchange rate. Unfortunately, the problem of explaining stylized facts requires some matching with reality. Set- tling for getting the signs right mitigates much of the angst, but, as has been

Lord of the Flies-Rules on the Island Essay

We need rules to keep us safe. Also, rules will make it fair and equal for everyone and help us to survive and be rescued. It is really important for us to follow these rules. We need rules on this island to keep us safe until we are rescued. We nearly set the whole island on fire and now the boy with the birthmark is missing! To stop this happening again we will have only one fire only, up on the mountain, for cooking and as a signal. That way no-one will be harmed. Also, don’t wander into the jungle at night. You could get lost and then we all have to come looking for you. Another problem is boys going to the toilet wherever they want. It stinks and it is dirty, especially when you go near the fruit. We could all get sick from it! From now on go near the rocks and the water will wash it away. These are just a few reasons why we must have rules! Rules will ensure that every boy is treated fairly and equally. The conch should be used at all meetings where only the boy with the conch can talk. By doing this there will be no interruptions and everyone will get a fair say. Furthermore, Piggy has been hit and his glasses broken. The idea of the stronger boys taking advantage of the weaker ones is not acceptable. This behaviour is barbaric! Can’t you see? If we continue this there will be fights and arguments and we will fall apart. Without doubt this proves that rules are needed. We need rules or we won’t survive and get rescued. We all need food and shelter to survive. Without food we will starve and without shelter there is no protection from the elements. We must work together so shelter is built and food is caught. In addition, if we don’t follow rules such as keep the fire going we won’t get rescued. We already missed one chance of rescue when Jack left the fire, we won’t miss another! Clearly this shows, it isn’t hard, rules must be followed. You guys have to realise that these rules determine life and death. Rules keep us safe, they ensure everyone is treated fairly, and help us survive and be rescued. It’s up to you to follow these very important rules which must be abided to.

Comitatus & Chivalry

Comitatus and Chivalry are two concepts that resounded all throughout the Medieval Ages. However, while the two are closely related, there is a clear difference between them. Between the two, Chivalry is perhaps more recognized, but not necessarily more widely-practiced. Bennett in his book, Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare, traces the origin of Comitatus to reign of Emperor Diocletian where Germanic and Roman commanders were assigned a comitatus, soldiers who held â€Å"direct allegiance to their individual commander, rather than to the army as a whole.(2001, 81)The term later on evolved to describe the dynamics that exists between a warrior and his Lord. Comitatus holds that while both are still in the battlefield, actively fighting, neither lord nor warrior can leave the scene of battle for any reason. Both entered the battle, and both should leave at the same time. This may be where the â€Å"leave no man behind† phrase comes from. This agreement that exists betwe en Germanic Lords and his subordinates is believed to have given rise to the feudal system, where the serfs owed loyalty to their feudal lord.Some scholars maintain that there is no break between the original comitatus of the Roman Empire and the vassals of the Middle Ages (Powicke, 1949, 92) Chivalry describes the virtues practiced by the knights of the Middle Ages. It is hard to place a specific definition to chivalry, but it is a moral and social code which advocated honor, courage, and respect. When we talk of chivalry, we conjure images of a knight in shining armor, ready and able to rescue us from our dire circumstances (Frantzen, 204, 1)Comitatus is a code that binds soldiers to their commanders, while chivalry is a code that binds men to the principles of honor and virtue, wherever they may be. While both concepts refer to relationships and values, comitatus is more about loyalty and courage in battle, while chivalry is more about loyalty and courage in all aspects of life. Chivalry presupposes comitatus, but comitatus does not necessarily mean chivalry.

9 Insane Office Rules No One Should Have To Follow

9 Insane Office Rules No One Should Have To Follow Office Rules are important. And companies have them for a reason. However, too often a company seeks to correct the bad behavior of a very few employees by making big, sweeping (and often overreaching) rules that affect everyone. Here are 9 examples of the worst kinds of overmanagement–the sorts of rules that can really alienate a workforce.1. Restricting the InternetJust because one idiot looked at, ahem, objectionable  content  on a work computer  or spent more time refreshing Twitter than answering vital emails,  that doesn’t mean everyone should be punished by having their internet usage restricted. Responsible adult employees should be allowed to check personal email and even Facebook in their breaks. As long as work doesn’t suffer, it should never be a management concern. Besides, policies like these can prevent employees from doing valuable research online when the Internet could be a useful tool.2. Time PolicingYes, employees are supposed to work their predetermined hours. But they’re hired and paid for the work they do, not the sum of all the minutes they sit in their desk chairs. Draconian late policies or strict documentation requirements for sick days are just unnecessary and will breed distrust and discontent in employees who would otherwise be happy to do good work and care about their jobs.3. Email PolicingHeard of companies that require you to select a pre-approved subject before able to send an email through the company’s email client? That’s completely ridiculous. A little trust in one’s employees to communicate effectively about their tasks can go a long way to making sure everyone isn’t  totally miserable.4. Bathroom PolicingSeriously. This isn’t kindergarten. Limiting people’s trips to the bathroom is only going to give them UTIs and a healthy case of rage. If your job does this, find a new job. Seriously.5. Stinginess with MilesCompanies that require employees to travel for work should always let them  accumulate personal miles on work trips. This is one of the few perks for having to constantly be on the go, or in the air. There’s no reason to hoard them, unless a company is actively looking to breed resentment.6. Policing All LanguageIt’s one thing to have an emphasis on diversity and tolerance in the workplace and a low tolerance for inappropriate or hateful comments. That’s mandatory. But getting too involved in every potential microaggression, such as denouncing someone for saying â€Å"bless you† to a colleague when they sneeze? Overkill.7. Rigid RankingIt’s one thing to track performance. It is another thing entirely to force employees to be evaluated on the same rigid curve. Everyone ends up feeling  dehumanized and undervalued, and honestly  ends up underperforming as a result. Companies should evaluate their employees individually. Every time.8. Banning Cell PhonesBanning mobile phones en tirely only penalizes the good employees who use their phones only on breaks or in emergencies. If someone  is on their phone all day, that’s a conversation for their supervisor to undertake with that person only! No one else needs to be punished with a sweeping, overreaching rule.9. Limiting Self ExpressionNo personal items on the desk? No water bottles? Restrictive dress policy? These kinds of policies just make employees feel like cogs in an assembly line. Surely there’s a better way to handle employees who aren’t sure how to decorate or dress in a professional manner.Bottom line: Employees   should be trusted to do the job. We’re all adults who should be left  alone unless underperformance is an issue. Everyone shouldn’t be punished for the infractions of a few.

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hamlet by William Shakespeare - Essay Example In fact, the dramatists had significant meaning to convey to the audience of their dramatic productions which is much superior to the one which is conveyed to the modern readers. The dramatic productions constitute interpretations of plays, not at least when they delete a scene or scenes from play. Significantly, the dramatic productions of the Shakespeare plays go down their ultimate meaning if a single scene of the entire play is deleted from the production. This can be best illustrated by an analysis of Hamlet, one of the most popular tragedies by this master dramatist. If ACT IV scene 4 of Hamlet, for example, is deleted from a theatrical or cinematic production of the play, it affects the overall meaning of the play. Though apparently this particular scene does little to determine the meaning of the play, it is obvious that the scene mean a lot to the appreciation of the play by the audience of the dramatic performance. Thus, the scene places Hamlet, the protagonist of the play who is in great need of revenge against his uncle, in contrast to Fortinbras who leads his Norwegians troop toward Poland in order to conquer a worthless patch of land in Poland. The resulting soliloquy by the protagonist put across significant meaning to the audience in view of the ultimate outcome of the plot. Therefore, it is indubitable that the dramatic productions of Hamlet constitute significant interpretations of the play, not at least when they delete a scene or scenes from the play. An insightful analysis of Hamlet in terms of plot, characterization, discourse, and dramatic significance confirms that the ACT IV scene 4 of the play has a significant implication to the overall interpretation of its meaning. If a theatrical or cinematic production of the play chooses to cut this scene, the audience cannot completely comprehend the intricacies of the plot, characterization etc. Similarly, the scene is greatly important to the entire discourse or the attempt to create verbal meaning and to achieve poetic affects. Therefore, the audience realizes the beauty of the soliloquy uttered by the protagonist with superior feeling and determination. "How all occasions do inform against me / And spur my dull revenge! What is a man, / If his chief good and market of his time / Be but to sleep and feed a beast, no more." (Shakespeare) Shakespeare also succeeds to demonstrate his dramatic skill through his poetic language, verbal connotations, plot development and characterization in the scene. The final soliloquy in the scene exhibits the quality of poetic feeling in the Shakespearean drama, apart from confirming the development in characterization and plot. The scene, therefore, has a central value to the protagonist in framing his ultimate decision to take revenge upon his enemy. Here, the audience experiences the building up of the character of Hamlet who, by the end of the scene, is greatly determined about his future plans of revenge. Considering the development in the plot, the ACT IV scene 4 of the play may be considered greatly important and the scene is central to the ultimate result of the plot. Fortinbras and the troop have left their homeland "for an egg-shell" and Hamlet's need for revenge is more important than this. The following soliloquy by Hamlet may be considered as the nucleus of the plot development. This soliloquy reflects the turning point in the plot development as well as in the characterization of Hamlet. Ultimately, Hamlet realizes

Adult Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adult Nursing - Essay Example This paper approves that the philosophy of the model states that the nursing care should be delivered using the nursing process. The patient under consideration in the area of focus for the purpose of ease in communication can be entitled as XYZ. The patient had 3 problems as related to physical and mental health. At the time of admission of the patient in the nurse one problem of a patient was identified. The nursing interventions were held in the area of identification and prescriptions on all care plans. It is crucial to understand here that though the care plan had a section for evaluation, it was not completed on the care plans studied. This essay makes a conclusion that the differences is between the practiced set of principles and the ones desirable for a quality service holds in the depth of its existence a suggestion that the nursing model used in the ward made no differences to the nursing care delivered. This is essentially so because attention to application of theory to the practical world was not made. From the procedure as followed in the hospital for the patient XYZ, we noticed that a written record of the patient ‘s problem was not made. Also, the current needs of the patient remained un-addressed. It was also noted that the medical reason for admission of the patient XYZ was recorded as the patient’s problem but the diagnosis reason for the same was not addressed. Thus, we conclude that the UK nurse is required to have in the boundaries of their knowledge a need to understand the concept of nursing diagnosis. This shall also enable the nurses to involve themselves actively and effectively in the validation of nursing diagnosis.